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Introduction  
   

Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan and capital of Sindh Province. It is former capital of Pakistan. It is known as City of lights and City of Quaid because of Muhammad Ali Jinnah- The Founder of Pakistan. It is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea / Indian Ocean, north-west of the Indus Delta. The city is financial hub of country and has the largest port of Pakistan.

Karachi is a diverse city having community of different cultures, behaviours and moral values. major communities include Urdu speakers, Punjabis, Sindhis, Kashmiris, Seraikis, Pakhtuns, Balochs, Memons, Bohras, Ismailis, and Bengalis.

 
   
  Geography & Climate  
Karachi is located in the south of Pakistan, on the coast of the Arabian Sea. The city covers an area of approximately 3,530 square kilometers that comprised largely of flat or rolling plains, with hills on the western and northern boundaries of the urban sprawl.

Located on the coast, Karachi tends to have a relatively mild climate with low levels of average precipitation (approximately 10 inches per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the July-August monsoon season. Winters are gental and the summers are a bit hot. However the proximity to the sea maintains humidity levels at a near-constant high and cool sea breezes relieve the heat of the summer months. The temprature in summer goes upto 44 degree celcius in months of may, June and Jully. In winters, temprature falls upto 13 degree celcius in December and January. July, December and January have pleasing and cloudy weather when most of the social events, ranging from weddings to charity fundraisers, frequently take place.

 
   
  Demographics  
Non-governmental and international sources report that Karachi's current population is estimated to be 20 to 25 million — a huge increase over its population in 1947 (400,000). The city's population is currently growing at about 5% per year. Karachi is the one of the largest megacities in the world.

Before independence of Pakistan, Karachi had large communities of Muslims, Hindus, Jews, Balochis, Gujaratis, Kutchi, Tharis, Sindhis, Parsis, Goans, Jains, Lebanese, Iranians, and European merchants. After independence of Pakistan, Muslim refugees settled in Karachi. Likewise, a large number of Hindus left the city for India. Predominantly Urdu speaking, the migrant refugees known as Muhajirs formed the dominant ethnic group in Karachi. Muhajirs originated from different parts of India and brought with them their local cultures and cuisines, thus further adding to the already diverse mix of people that earlier inhabited Karachi. Currently, these older groups of people and continuing migration from different parts of Pakistan have contributed to a rich and diverse mix of people that live in Karachi. This has given the city a very metropolitan character, and has earned it the title as the Melting Pot of Pakistan.

Since 1979, due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and continued upheavals in their country, a steady stream of Afghan refugees have also taken up permanent residence in and around Karachi. These refugees now number more than one million and themselves consist of a number of ethnic groups: Pakhtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, and Turkmen. There are also hundreds of thousands of Bengalis, Arabs, Iranians, Arakani Muslim refugees (from Rakhine State in Myanmar) and African immigrants who are also settled in Karachi. Most refugee minorities of the city live in slum areas.

 
   
  Economy  

Karachi is the financial capital of Pakistan; it is Pakistan's chief seaport and industrial center, a transportation, commercial, and financial hub, and a military headquarters. As Karachi faces the Arabian sea, it is also a major port, which along with its international airport act as a hub for international trade, transport, manufacturing and commerce. Most of the international trade of Pakistan and landlocked Afghanistan pass through the city's busy modern port, centered on the island of Kiamari. Major highways and railroads focus on the city, and the modern airport here is a stopover and refueling point for intercontinental flights.

Karachi Harbour, due to its geographical and strategic location was known as the gateway to Asia. Considered as a safe Harbour since time immemorial. An Ancient settlement, Karachi was a small fishing village in the early Nineteenth Century. Historians identify it with its proximity to a place from where a part of Alexander's Army, boarded the Greek Flotilla in 326 B.C.

Karachi also hosts the offices of almost every major foreign multinational corporation as well as corporations based in Pakistan. It is home to the largest stock exchange in Pakistan: the Karachi Stock Exchange, which was considered by many economists to be one of the prime reasons for Pakistan's 7% GDP growth across 2005.

Karachi has a huge industrial base, with several large industrial zones located on the fringes of the main city. The primary areas are textiles, pharmaceuticals, steel, and automobiles. In addition, Karachi has a vibrant cottage industry and there is a rapidly flourishing Free Zone with an annual growth rate of nearly 6.5%. Karachi has an expo centre which hosts many regional and international exhibitions. Toyota and Suzuki Motor Company are located in Karachi. Among others, Millat Tractors, Adam Motor Company, HinoPak Buses and Trucks manufacturing plants are also located in Karachi. The automobile manufacturing sector is one of the fastest growing industries in Pakistan, and a large vendor industry associated with it is also located principally in Karachi.

 
   
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